Lathe Machine Head Stock

LATHE MACHINE HEADSTOCK

The main function of headstock is to transmit power to the different parts of a lathe. It comprises of the headstock casting to accommodate all the parts within it including Gear Train or V-Belt arrangement  according to the model of the lathe machine. Here is basic figure mentioning the exact position of the lathe machine head stock.

Principal Components of a Central Lathe

The main spindle is adjusted in it, which possesses live centre to which the work can be attached. It supports the work and revolves with the work, fitted into the main spindle of the headstock.

In the case of V Belt Driven Lathe the cone pulley is also attached with this arrangement, which is used to get various spindle speed through electric motor.

V Belt Lathe Spindle Drive Mechanism

And in the case of All Geared Lathe Machine the spindle of the machine is attached to the gear train, which is connected to the main pulley and electric motor through V-belts. Gears are shifted through hand lever to attain different speeds.

All Geared Lathe Spindle Drive Mechanism

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Taper Cutting in Lathe

TAPER CUTTING IN LATHE MACHINE

A taper is defined as a uniform increase or decrease in diameter of a piece of work measured along its length. In a lathe machine, taper turning means to produce a conical surface by gradual reduction in diameter from a cylindrical job. 

Swiveling compound rest set-up

A taper is generally turned in a lathe by feeding the tool at an angle to the axis of rotation of the work piece. The angle formed by the path of the tool with the axis of the work piece should correspond to the half taper angle. A taper can be turned by anyone of the following methods:

1. By Swivelling the Compound Rest.

2. By Setting Over the Tailstock Centre.

3. By a Broad Nose form Tool.

4. By a Taper Turning Attachment.

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Lathe Machine Price

Part III: Specifications in Lathe Machine

Though we are stretching Lathe Machine Price topic for the third time but it is one of the most important topics that define and help us to buy a lathe machine to deal effectively with the production requirements and to profit from industrial outcomes from it.

Though we know now that we should measure the accuracy, weight, raw material used and the type of the machine. Undertanding the specifications of the lathe machine does impact it's price:

Specifications in Lathe Machine: Sometimes we know what we want or sometimes we have a vague idea. Understanding the job requirement is very essential to decide the specifications required in the lathe machine. With every increase in inch in the specifications, there will be increase in the price as well. Though we recommend to "Over-Do-It" rather than "Under-Do-It" i.e. to consider higher dimensions in the lathe machine. It is always better to understand the job requirement first before one consider buying it or sharing the job details with the  manufacturer will ease the process for you.

Here are the main dimensions in the above picture which buyer should know or can confirm with the lathe machine manufacturer which will determine the lathe machine price and it's specifications.

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Lathe Machine Price

Part II: Lathe Machine Price

Though we know that there are different types of lathe machines available in the market with different lathe machine prices i.e All Geared Lathe, Semi Geared Lathe & Cone Pulley Lathe. There are many other factors that also decide the price of the lathe machines in India. Below are few major points of discussion:

1. Accuracy: This is the foremost requirement of every customer but most of them are not aware of many technicalities and given tolerence due to which they end up with low accuaracy lathe. Preet Lathe machines comes along with IS:1878 standard and understanding it's parameters is important factor.
2. Raw Material: Basic Foundation of every manufactured machinery depends upon the raw material. Best example for this is constructed house or building, where the raw material used will deteremine building life. Similarly Lathe Machine Price depends upon the raw material used to manufacture it.
3. Weight: Weight of the manufactured machine is also a factor that determines the price of the lathe machine. Sometimes in the market, we have same specification lathe machine available at different prices however weight of the machine is first thing that should be confirmed following with the accuracy and quality of the machine.

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Lathe Machine Price

LATHE MACHINE PRICE

Price varies according to the features including the quality and provided accuracy  of the machine and that's what determine the price of the lathe machine. There are number of available options in the market including lathe machines in Batala, Ludhiana, Rajkot and even imported Lathe machine available from Eurpoean Countries. America and China.

ALL GEARED LATHE 

But first of all we need to understand the type of conventional lathe machine that are available in the market:

1.All Geared Lathe Machine : Under this type, gear transmission leads to the mutiple spindle speeds and easy to operate. Among all other machines in the manual range, this type of lathe machine holds itself at higher side but at the same time it is one of most convenient to use.

CONE PULLEY LATHE 

2. Cone Pulley Lathe Machine : It is one of the most cost effective lathe machine available in the market and widely used as well. It is based on the belt driven mechanism and in order to achieve different speeds one has to use the steps available on the pulley. It is the cheapest available model among all the lathe machine prices of varoius models. 

SEMI GEARED LATHE

3. Semi-Geared Lathe Machine : These machines fall in the mid of All Geared Lathes and Cone Pulley Lathes. The only difference in the machine is that it is driven via V-Belts but the belts are not attached directly to the spindle but to the external pulley. As it lies in the middle thus its price is in the mid-range. 

All of the above machines fall under the category of conventional lathe machine and are offered by us.

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Lathe Machine Apron Mechanism

Apron Mechanism

Lead screw and feed rod is getting power from spindle gear through tumbler gears. Power is transmitted from feed rod to the worm wheel through gears A, B, C, D and worm. A spline shaft is attached with worm wheel.

APRON IN LATHE MACHINE

The spline shaft is always engaged with the gears F and G which are keyed to the feed check shaft. A knob ‘E’ is fitted with feed check shaft. Feed check knob ‘E’ can be placed in three positions such as neutral, push-in and pull-out. When the feed check knob ‘E’ is in neutral position, power is not transmitted either to cross feed screw or to the carriage since gears F and G have no connection with H and K.

APRON MECHANISM

Therefore, hand feed is given as follows. When the longitudinal feed hand wheel rotates, pinion I will also be rotated through I and H. pinion I will move on rack for taking longitudinal feed. For getting cross feed, cross slide screw will be rotated by using cross slide hand wheel. When the feed check knob ‘E’ is push-in, rotating gear G will be engaged to H then the power will be transmitted to pinion I and pinion I will rotate on rack. So, automatic longitudinal feed takes place.

When the feed check knob ‘E’ is pulled-out, the rotating gear F will be engaged to K. Hence, the power will be transmitted to cross feed screws through L. This leads to automatic cross feed. For thread cutting, half nut is engaged by half nut lever after putting knob ‘E’ neutral position. Half nut is firmly attached with the carriage. As the lead screw rotates, the carriage will automatically move along the axis of the lathe. Both longitudinal and cross feed can be reversed by operating the tumbler gear mechanism.

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Thread Cutting on Lathe Machine

THREAD CUTTING - LATHE MACHINE

Thread of any pitch, shape and size can be cut on a lathe using single point cutting tool. Thread cutting is operation of producing a helical groove on spindle shape such as V, square or power threads on a cylindrical surface.

Thread Cutting Mechanism on Lathe Machine

• Thread cutting is operation of producing a helical groove on spindle shape such as V, square or power threads on a cylindrical surface.
• The job is held in between centers or in a chuck and the cutting tool is held on tool post.
• The cutting tool must travel a distance equal to the pitch (in mm/inch/diametrical/module) as the work piece completes a revolution.
• The definite relative rotary and linear motion between job and cutting tool is achieved by locking or engaging a carriage motion with lead screw and nut mechanism and fixing a gear ratio between head stock spindle and lead screw.
• To make or cut threads, the cutting tool is brought to the start of job and a small depth of cut is given to cutting tool using cross slide.

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Lathe Machine Construction

CONSTRUCTION OF LATHE MACHINE

A simple lathe comprises of a bed made of grey cast iron on which headstock, tailstock, carriage and other components of lathe are mounted. The major parts of lathe machine are given as under:

The main parts of the lathe machine are:

1. Bed

2. Headstock

3. Tailstock

4. Carriage

5. Feed mechanism

6. Thread cutting mechanism

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Lathe Machine

BASIC CONCEPT OF LATHE MACHINE

Lathe is one of the most versatile and widely used machine tools all over the world. It is commonly known as the mother of all other machine tool.

LATHE MACHINE

The main function of a lathe is to remove metal from a job to give it the required shape and size. The job is securely and rigidly held in the chuck or in between centers on the lathe machine and then turn it against a single point cutting tool which will remove metal from the job in the form of chips. Pictured attached shows the working principle of lathe.

WORKING PRINCIPAL OF LATHE MACHINE

An engine lathe is the most basic and simplest form of the lathe. It derives its name from the early lathes, which obtained their power from engines.

Besides the simple turning operation as described above, lathe can be used to carry out other operations also, such as drilling, reaming, boring, taper turning, knurling, screw thread cutting, grinding etc.

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